Given the dynamic relationship between substance use and risk taking, well-developed behavioral methodologies to study risk taking are crucial. This chapter outlines existing standardized and validated behavioral measures for assessing risk taking. The measures include Slovic's Devil Task, the Balloon Analogue Risk Task, the Angling Risk Task, the Columbia Card Task, the Wheel of Fortune Task, the Iowa Gambling Task, and the Rogers Decision Making Task. As available theory, description, and data permit, each section in the chapter includes a task description, discussion of its reliability, convergent/discriminant validity, criterion validity, genetic/neurobehavioral data, and methodological considerations for using the task. In conclusion, a number of behavioral measures of risk taking are available for investigating the role of risk taking in addictive behavior. Overall, these behavioral paradigms have provided new opportunities and insights within the field of substance use and addiction.
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