The Costs of Urban Sprawl - Physical Activity Links to Healthcare Costs and Productivity

Roman Trubka · Peter W. G. Newman · D. Bilsborough

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Urban Transport and Accessibility Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis Urban Green Space and Health

Abstract

This is one of three companion papers taken from a study that assesses the comparative costs of urban redevelopment with the costs of greenfield development. The first paper, GEN 83: The Costs of Urban Sprawl – Infrastructure and Transportation, shows that substantial costs would be saved in infrastructure and transport if urban redevelopment were the focus. The second paper GEN 84: The Costs of Urban Sprawl – Predicting Transport Greenhouse Gases from Urban Form Parameters discusses the costs that can be linked to the transport carbon emissions that arise from suburban living.This paper discusses the health and productivity benefits of active-travel associated with the different urban forms due to levels of density, connectivity, and variety in amenity. It shows healthcare savings related to active forms of travel over a 50-year urban lifetime are quite small at $2.3 million for 1000 dwellings. But if these more walkable developments are pursued then the benefits to employment productivity are large, estimated to have a present value of $34 million. This is a substantial benefit that is comparable in scale to the savings in transport and infrastructure, as well as the social costs of greenhouse gases, and should provide a critical input to urban planning decision-making.

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References

2003Environmental correlates of walking and cycling: Findings from the transportation, urban design, and planning literatures 1999Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence 2004Obesity relationships with community design, physical activity, and time spent in cars 2005Linking objectively measured physical activity with objectively measured urban form 2003Relationship between Urban Sprawl and Physical Activity, Obesity, and Morbidity 2006Many Pathways from Land Use to Health: Associations between Neighborhood Walkability and Active Transportation, Body Mass Index, and Air Quality 2005Correlation or causality between the built environment and travel behavior? Evidence from Northern California 2007Stepping towards causation: Do built environments or neighborhood and travel preferences explain physical activity, driving, and obesity?

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