Polish and Turkish Migrant Organizations in Germany

Abstract

Before the Second World War, Germany was primarily a country of emigration, with only a few immigration movements, such as the Huguenots in the 17th century and Polish labour migrants who moved to the Ruhr Valley in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (see Bade, 2002: 85–232). From the end of the war until the turn of the century, 16 million people from the ‘Eastern Bloc’ came to West Germany, or after 1990 to unified Germany (Oberpenning, 1999: 33). Complex civil society networks and associations were established in the regions to manage the new situation where these migrants settled (Oberpenning, 1999: 42f.).

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