R&D Co-Operation Between Public Research Institutions: Magnitude, Motives and Spatial Dimension

Abstract

Universities and other kinds of publicly funded research institutions constitute important knowledge sources for innovation activities in private firms’. A vast body of theoretical literature has analysed the relationship between publicly funded research institutions and the private sector (see for example Bonaccorsi and Piccaluga 1994; Etzkowitz 1998; Gee 1993; Lee 1996; Onida and Malerba 1989). Correspondingly, numerous empirical studies have demonstrated that public research establishments do not exist in ‘ivory tower’ isolation, but are to a considerable degree involved in private sector innovation activities (see Audretsch and Stephan 1996; Faulkner and Senker 1994; Fritsch and Schwirten 1999; Mansfield 1995; Mansfield and Lee 1996; Meyer-Krahmer and Schmoch 1998; Van Dierdonck et al. 1990). These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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