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Three principal features distinguish the contemporary state of research in industrial relations. First, the unsettlement of fixed categories in the theoretical study of state and society turns the attention of political theorists towards this politically charged domain of dynamic order. Second, recent developments within the domain itself challenge the principal approaches whose competition has governed the discipline. Third, the elaboration of the discipline itself yields increased recognition of the need for heightened theoretical and methodological self-awareness. The decade of comparative studies of divergent union density rates between the United States and Canada provide materials for an exploration of these theoretical issues, especially in light of the fact that recent analytical consensuses are called into doubt but the most recent tendencies. A comparative approach oriented to a history-sensitive concept of labour regimes'' offers a method capable of learning from the principal competing analytical strategies, while promoting a more open and reliable research programme than many of those considered. Critical encounters with the work of Lipset, Weiler, Teubner, Panitch and Swartz, and others are complemented by comparative historical study, in order to lay out the main elements of the approach proposed. Resume Trois caracteristiques marquent l'etat de la recherche contemporaine en relations industrielles. En premier lieu, la destabilisation des categories fixes dans les etudes theoriques sur l'Etat et la societe dirige l'attention des politicologues vers ce domaine politise d'ordre dynamique. Deuxiemement, les developpements recents dans le domaine lui-meme remettent en question les principales approches qui se disputent la discipline. Enfin, troisiemement, l'eloboration de la discipline meme suscite une reconnaissance accrue de la necessite d'en arriver a un niveau de conscience theorique et methodologique plus eleve. La decennie des etudes comparees du taux de densite syndicale divergents entre les Etats-Unis et le Canada offre de la matiere pour explorer ces questions theoriques, surtout lorsque les nouvelles tendances remettent en doute les recents consensus analytiques. Une approche comparative axee sur un concept de regimedu travail'' sensible a la dimension historique offre une methode capable de s'inspirer des principales strategies analytiques en concurrence, tout en proposant un programme de recherche plus ouvert et plus sur qu'aucun de ceux qui ont ete proposes. Un examen critique des ouvrages de Lipset, Weiler, Teubner, Panitche et Swartz et quelques autres, ainsi qu'une analyse historique comparative forment les elements de base de l'approche proposee.
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