Throughout the 20 th century, an enormous amount of intellectual fuel was spent debating the merits of a class of skeptical arguments which purport to show that knowledge of the external world is not possible. These arguments, whose origins can be traced back to Descartes, played an important role in the work of some of the leading philosophers of the 20 th century, including Russell, Moore and Wittgenstein, and they continue to engage the interest of contemporary
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