Research on spatial data infrastructures (SDIs) is not well grounded in theory, and SDI practice often does not adequately take into account previous experiences. The purpose of this paper is to raise awareness about knowledge areas available to academics and professionals involved in studying or developing SDIs. Along with technical tools, both groups need to engage the theoretical and conceptual apparatus in their efforts to understand and address technological and organizational processes and requirements of SDIs. After briefly addressing the existing SDI literature and identifying research gaps, the paper reviews the main disciplinary areas that would contribute to institutionalization of SDIs and to ensuring their broad utility: (1) information infrastructure, (2) interorganizational collaboration-cooperation-coordination (3C), (3) intergovernmental relations, (4) action network theory, and (5) use-utility-usability (3U) of information systems. We assess their value and limitations in supporting SDI research and development. The following elements are identified as potentially contributing to the SDI conceptual framework: the mutually supporting role of SDIs, geographic information systems (GIS), and information and communication technologies (ICT) and infrastructures; the notion of an installed base and capacity building activities responsive to the local conditions and needs; consideration of political, social, economic, cultural, and institutional context; incorporation of 3C principles and opportunities; attention to intergovernmental relations and the emergence of E-governance; understanding of the networked environment of data users, producers, and managers; employing user-centered approaches; and evaluating SDI accessibility and utility. The proposed framework is comprehensive, although it excludes important but often less challenging technical topics in order to focus on organizational and user perspectives.
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