Articlebronze2011

Parents' emotion expression as a predictor of child's social competence: children with or without intellectual disability

61 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Intellectual Disability Research

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Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Down syndrome and intellectual disability research Family and Disability Support Research

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Parents' expression of positive emotion towards children who are typically developing (TD) is generally associated with better social development. However, the association between parents' negative emotion expression and social development can be positive or negative depending upon a number of factors, including the child's emotion regulation abilities. Given the lower emotion regulation capabilities of children with intellectual disability (ID), we hypothesised that parents' negative emotion expression would be associated with lower social development in children with ID compared to those with TD. METHODS: Participants were 180 families of children with or without ID enrolled in a longitudinal study. Parents' positive and negative affect were coded live from naturalistic home interactions at child ages 5-8 years, and child's social skills were measured by using mother report at child ages 6-9 years. We examined mothers' and fathers' emotion expression as a time-varying predictor of social skills across ages 5-9 years. RESULTS: Mothers, but not fathers, expressed less positive affect and more negative affect with ID group children. Parents' positive affect expression was related to social skills only for TD children, with mothers' positive affect predicting higher social skills. Contrary to expectations, fathers' positive affect predicted lower social skills. Parents' negative affect predicted significantly lower social skills for children with ID than for children with TD. CONCLUSIONS: Findings support the theory that low to moderate levels of negative expression may be less beneficial or detrimental for children with ID compared to children with TD. Implications for further research and intervention are discussed.

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1994A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children's social adjustment.1998Parental Socialization of Emotion 1990Social Skills Rating System 1989Parent styles associated with children's self-regulation and competence in school.1969Large sample standard errors of kappa and weighted kappa.2003Pre‐school children with and without developmental delay: behaviour problems and parenting stress over time 2005Cumulative parenting stress across the preschool period: relations to maternal parenting and child behaviour at age 5 2002The Relations of Parental Warmth and Positive Expressiveness to Children's Empathy-Related Responding and Social Functioning: A Longitudinal Study

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2015Improved Social Skills in Children with Developmental Delays After Parent Participation in MBSR: The Role of Parent–Child Relational Factors

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