Sistemas de informações geográficas para planejamento de transportes

Abstract

This text reviews the general characteristics and some of the stages of the process of introducing Geographic Information Systems in transportation planning (GIS-T) in Brazil.In addition to a summary of the progress of this subject in Brazil, some of the tool's applications are presented in a larger and more specific project.The latter deals with the influence of some urban characteristics (in particular, those of small and medium-size cities) on transportation and infrastructure costs.Initially, a review is made of the basis of this project, which has been under development since 1988, ranging from the earliest models developed up to an innovative taxation strategy, a proposal to reduce the negative effects of empty urban lots.Also presented here are two additional steps of the main project developed after 1995, in which GIS-T was gradually introduced.GIS was used in the first phase only as an accessory in the application of the models to evaluate transportation and infrastructure costs in the city of Araraquara.The tool was used intensively in the second stage, however, when several transportation planning procedures available in the software were used very effectively.This was done without changing the characteristics of the original models designed for the project.Although the GIS tool has increased the flexibility of some of the proposed taxation strategy steps, it has not eliminated all its problems.This fact has led to another research, whose first steps are also described here, which attempts to evaluate the influence of spatial features on urban land values.Transportation accessibility is the spatial feature of the specific case this paper discusses.Finally, a brief outline is given of some future projects whose main goal is to further explore the enormous potential of the GIS-T, enhancing its importance and usefulness as a tool for transportation planning in Brazil.

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