Dynamic Shoe-Leather Costs in a Shopping-time Model of Money

Abstract

A general-equilibrium shopping-time model of money demand is used to obtain estimates of some dynamic costs of inflation under alternative monetary policy rules.After examining the welfare implications of steady-state inflation, dynamic welfare costs are evaluated for inflation-targeting and price-level targeting regimes in a stochastic setting in which agents are uncertain about the underlying inflation trend.The regimes are distinguished by the presence or absence of a unit root in the money supply and the price level.Uncertainty about the underlying inflation rate is introduced as a mechanism for modeling the role of policy credibility.*The views expressed in this paper are those ofthe author, and do not necessarily represent official positions ofthe Federal Reserve Bank ofSt.Louis or the Federal Reserve System.

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