Ethnicity, Race, and Outdoor Recreation. A Review of Trends, Policy, and Research

Abstract

Changes in the ethnic composition of visitor populations may be producing displacement and avoidance effects insome recreation areas; no research has been done on where displaced recreationists goas an alternative.d.Noresearch has been found that evaluated theeffectiveness of different means of oral or written communication in promoting compliance with resources management rules.Research has been conducted with white populations, showing "communication-basedmanagement" to beeffective in reducing many rule violations.It is not known whether this effectiveness can be extended to members of ethnic groups.xiv Chapter 4 Ethnicity Research by Federal Recreation Resource Management Agencies WES, the CE Institute for Water Resources at Alexandria, VA, performs policy andeconomic studies forthe CE, ofienrelated torecreation and social aspects of water resources. SummaryOf the major Federal recreation resource management agencies ,only the USDA Forest Service has an institutionalized research focus that explicitly addresses management and social science issues pertaining toethnicity, race, and outdoor recreation.Other agencies often collect data ontheethnicity or race of visitors, but this is rarely the primary purpose oftheir research.Consequently, analyses ofthese data have been limited.The initiation of the CEwork uniton "EthnicCultureand Corps Recreation Participation'' adds needed breadth to this research, as well as diversity to the types ofareas and activities examined.

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