Veiled Women in the American Courtroom: Is the Niqab a Barrier to Justice?

Abstract

The United States is home to millions of Muslims. 1 American Muslims are “largely assimilated, happy with their lives, and moderate with respect to many of the issues that have divided Muslims and Westerners around the world.” 2 Experts disagree about whether the number of US Muslims is closer to two million or to eight million, but no one doubts that Islam is now among the most practiced religions in the country. Like their Christians, Jewish, Buddhist, and Hindu counterparts, many Muslims are devoutly religious. Michigan has more Muslims than any other US state; in 2005 the Islamic Center of America, the largest of more than twelve hundred US mosques, opened in Dearborn, Michigan. The ethnic and national origins of US Muslims are diverse. Some of the millions of US families who practice Islam are recent immigrants from Africa, the Middle East, Europe, or Asia. Michigan has one of the highest concentrations of Muslims of Arab ancestry outside of the Arab world. However, about a third of US Muslims are long-time US residents and citizens. 3 Of these, some were born into families who practice Islam, others converted to Islam as children or adults. Among the indigenous US Muslim population groups are African American adherents, and most Black Muslim women adopt Islamic dress. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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