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Since 1995 agricultural output has stagnated in Albania, despite positive growth early in the reform process of its economic transition. Albania has carried out major reforms across a broad range of agricultural production and marketing. Policy reforms have been supported through an overall well-designed agriculture public investment program. The absence of a functioning financial sector and associated rural financial services is one of the deficiencies in the reform program. Albania is still the poorest country in Europe. To reduce poverty, future public policy and investment in the agriculture and rural sector should support agriculture productivity and growth while maintaining sustainable use of natural resources. Major opportunities in the medium term include: 1) favorable geographic location relative to the European Union; 2) a low wage level; 3) a literate and well educated rural population; 4) resilient private sector initiative in rural areas. Major long-term constraints include: a) limited and fragmented agriculture resource base; b) extremely limited access to capital and hence to capital intensive technology; c) limited entry to export markets; and d) scarce institutional capacity and resources. Opening Albania's agriculture to the world will require public efforts in: 1) the maintenance of a stable incentive framework; 2) support to agriculture productivity; 3) institutional development; 4) rural development; and 5) management of natural resources.
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