Black-White Human Capital Differences: Impact on Agricultural Productivity in the U.S. South

Abstract

In a dynamic environment, schooling of farmers and agricultural extension have the potential for enhancing the efficiency of agricultural production. In the U.S. South, a relatively large number of blacks have operated farms since emancipation. In the segregated school systems, these black farmers obtained lower quality and fewer years of schooling than white farmers. The public sector extension service had the potential for mitigating the effects of lower quality black education on farm production efficiency. In eleven of the sixteen southern states, however, the Extension Service was completely segregated, and the services provided to black farmers were fewer and seem to have been of lower quality than those provided white farmers.

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