A new variety is likely to emerge in two types of scenario, both involving migration. The first involves the large-scale migration of newcomers to an existing community, while the second sees the migration of individuals from different speech communities to a new location. Under either scenario, if the varieties in contact are mutually intelligible, koineization may occur; this leads to the formation of a new dialect. This chapter deals with dialect leveling, new-dialect formation in tabula rasa territories, koineization in new towns, and ethnolects and multiethnolects. To understand the dynamics of face-to-face dialect and language contact, it is necessary to explore the social psychological mechanism which underlies it: accommodation. The chapter shows that new-dialect, or koine formation is a process which can be divided into several stages, at each of which speakers engage in certain behaviors and where social factors always play a part, but in different ways.
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