Individual Predictors of Posttraumatic Distress: A Structural Equation Model

Cheryl Regehr · David Hemsworth

53 citations0/0 files storedThe Canadian Journal of Psychiatry

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health Resilience and Mental Health

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Recent research has called into question the "dose-effect" model of understanding response to trauma and has turned attention to the contribution of personality and environmental factors. This research seeks to model the interrelation of relational capacity (a component of personality), perceptions of social support, and posttraumatic distress. METHOD: A group of firefighters (n = 164) completed questionnaires that addressed exposure to traumatic events, social support, current level of distress, and relational capacity. Structural equation modelling was used to develop a framework for understanding traumatic reactions. RESULTS: The overall fit of the hypothesized model was excellent. Relational capacity had a significant negative effect on support, indicating that perceived social support decreased as disturbances in relational capacity increased. Perceived social support had a significant negative effect on level of distress. CONCLUSION: While some emotional response to disturbing events may be normal, the severity of symptoms covaries with the ability of the individual to develop and sustain supportive relationships to buffer the impact of events.

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References

1989Structural Equations with Latent Variables 1984A General Structural Equation Model with Dichotomous, Ordered Categorical, and Continuous Latent Variable Indicators 2015Assessment of Depression: The Depression Inventory 1984Asymptotically distribution‐free methods for the analysis of covariance structures 1977The Making and Breaking of Affectional Bonds 1982Impact of Event Scale: A cross-validation study and some empirical evidence supporting a conceptual model of stress response syndromes.1993A Twin Study of Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Liability for Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms 1986Going beyond social support: The role of social relationships in adaptation.

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2010Resilience and mental health 2004Predictors of post-traumatic distress in child welfare workers: a linear structural equation model 2006Two subjective factors as moderators between critical incidents and the occurrence of post traumatic stress disorders: Adult attachment and perception of social support

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