The Process of Composition

Abstract

Chapter 1 The Fundamentals of Writing: Audience and Purpose The Audience Fulfilling Audience Expectations Some Differences Between Written and Spoken English in Written English Writing Conventions: The Paragraph Form Purposes for Writing General and Specific Focus Choosing Piece of the Pie Using memorable Detail Telling and Showing The Topic Sentence and Controlling Ideas Writing the Topic Sentence Writing a Point paragraph Outline The Function of Second Sentences Second Sentences for More Focused Paragraph Topics The Paragraph and Academic Examinations Writing Strategies The Paragraph and the Essay Chapter 2 Making Decisions in the Writing Process: Developing and Supporting Ideas Strategies for Collecting Information Listing Brainstorming (and Revising) Clustering Outlining Supporting Techniques Facts Physical Description Examples Personal Experience Methods of Development Process Extended Definition Comparison-Contrast Decision-Making for Writers Expanding a Paragraph into an Essay Chapter 3 Planning the Essay: Explaining an Academic Topic Drafting Overall Organization of the Academic Essay The Explaining Essay Selecting a Topic Pre-Writing for the Essay Audience Analysis The Optional Background Paragraph Titles for Academic Essays The Thesis Statement Thesis Statements of Opinion and/or Intent Diagram of the Academic Essay Diagram of the Academic Essay Paragraph Relationships The Essay Map Writing Conventions for the Academic Essay The Introduction The Body of the Essay Using Citations in Academic Essays The Conclusion Writing a Memo Chapter 4 Introduction to Academic Research: The Investigating Report Using Sources for Research Surveys and Interviews Organization of the Research Report Using the World Wide Web (WWW) Introduction to the Web Developing Keywords Searching the Web with URLs Citing WWW Material Using Nontext Materials in Academic Writing Selecting Nontext Materials Citing Nontext Materials Interviewing an Authority Preparing for the Interview Conducting the Interview Using Interview Information Coherence and Cohesion in Academic Essays Using Transitions Using Paragraph Hooks Revision Revision Plans The Oral Report Preparing for an Oral Presentation Chapter 5 Academic Written Responses: Summary and Analysis Summary Writing Writing Conventions for a Summary Characteristics of a Successful Summary Evaluation of the Summary Analysis Writing a Short Analytic Report Writing Analyses of Written Material Revising and Editing Essay Drafts Writing Academic Summary-Analyses Assignments Differences Between Summary-Analysis Essays and Other Academic Essays Written Summaries and Analyses of Academic Research Writing the Summary-Analysis of a Research Report Writing an Annotated Bibliography Writing the Literature Review Ration of Summary to Analysis in Academic Assignments Discipline-Specific Citation Formats Chapter 6 Persuading an Audience: The Arguing Essay Persuasion in Academic Writing Argument Audience Analysis Oral Arguments Written Arguments Selecting an Argumentative Topic Planning the Arguing Essay The Thesis Statement in Argumentation in the Arguing Essay Organizing the Arguing Essay The Title for the Arguing Essay The Optional Background Paragraph Refuting the Counter-Argument(s) Using Rogerian Argument Overall Organizational Structures for the Arguing Essay Plan A Plan B Plan C Writing an Essay Map What Kinds of Evidence, and How Much? Paraphrasing or Quoting Sources Logical Fallacies Credibility of Authors and Student Writers Student Samples: Arguing Essays Chapter 7 Evaluating in Academic Writing: The Problem-Solution Essay Evaluating Evaluation Processes Evaluating in Academic Writing The Problem-Solution Essay Preparing to Write the Problem-Solution Essay Audience Analysis Demonstrating That the Problem Exists Using Heading Using Sources in Academic Research Using Interview Information in Research Designing and Administering a Survey for Research Information Reporting Survey Results Evaluating Sources Writing Conventions for the problem-Solution Essay Feasibility Analysis of Alternative Solution Writing Feasibility Analysis Paragraphs Implementation of the Recommended Solution Persuading the Audience Sending the Problem-Solution Essay Chapter 8 Using and Evaluating Library Sources: The Academic Research Paper Preparing to Write Developing a Time Line for the Research paper Student Suggestions for Research Pre-Writing Identifying Necessary Library Sources Strategies for Taking Notes from Library Research Materials Strategies for Drafting the Academic Research Paper Writing Conventions for the Academic Research Paper Plagiarism Preparing to Use the Library Going to the Library The Library of Congress System Understanding Periodicals Library Etiquette Using the Online Catalog Online Search Strategies for Library Research Searching the Online Catalog Using Printed Indexes to Identify Magazine/Journal Articles Identifying Magazine/Journal Databases Online Locating Library Sources Locating Books in the Stacks Locating Periodicals (Magazines, Journals) Identifying and Locating Sources on the Web Disadvantages of WWW Resources Evaluating Library Sources Evaluating WWW Sources Student Samples: Research papers Chapter 9 Grammatical Explanations and Exercises Verb problems Passive Voice Active Voice Verbs Report Verbs Parallel Structure Sentence Structure and Sentence Combining Clauses and Phrases Sentence Structure Rules Joining Independent Clauses Sentence Combining and Punctuation Using Colons Using Quotation Marks Diction Precision in Diction Confusing Words Prepositions Phrasal Verbs Editing Resources for Effective Editing Skills Appendix A Citation What to Cite and Why General Rules for APA Format APA for In-Text Citations APA for End-of-Text Citations Citation of Internet (World Wide Web) Sources Problems with WWW Resources Discipline-Specific Citation Styles Using Citations Appendix B Surveys Perceptual Learning Style Preference Survey Learning Style Preferences Self-Scoring Sheet Explanation of Learning Style Preferences Student-Generated Inventory for Secondary Level and Young Adult Learners Type A/Type B Personality Inventory Interpreting Your Results Appendix C The Resume and the Application Letter The Resume Using Action Verbs Starting the Objective Resume Appearance Information to Include Online Resumes The Application Letter

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