In Finland and Spain, marriage rates are equally low, yet cohabitation is rare in Spain and common in Finland. The fertility rate has fallen sharply in Spain, whereas in Finland it is relatively high. Spaniards delay childbearing later than Finns. These characteristics of family formation are not attributed to modern contraceptives, cohabitation or to the female employment rate. Neither women's labour market position nor family policy is the key explanatory factor for the differences in patterns of first family formation and fertility. However, the employment and financial insecurity of young people seem to be an influential factor having negative effects on the first family formation in Finland and Spain.
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