Disturbed Glucoregulatory Response to Food Intake After Moderate Sleep Restriction

Sebastian Michael Schmid · Manfred Hallschmid · Kamila Jauch‐Chara · Britta Wilms · Hendrik Lehnert · Jan Born +1 more

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Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue Sleep and related disorders Sleep and Wakefulness Research

Abstract

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Epidemiological studies point to a strong association between short sleep duration and the development of diabetes. We examined the hypothesis that short-term sleep loss decreases glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and, if so, how these changes relate to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) secretory activity and markers of subclinical inflammation. DESIGN: In a balanced, within-subject design, circulating glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, ACTH, cortisol, and IL-6 levels were closely monitored during a 15-h daytime period following 2 nights of restricted sleep (02:45-07:00) and 2 nights of regular sleep (bedtime 22:45-07:00), respectively. SETTING: Time-deprivation suite within a university medical center sleep laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: 15 healthy, unmedicated normal-weight men. INTERVENTION: Sleep restriction. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Pre-breakfast concentrations of blood parameters were unchanged following sleep manipulation (P > 0.30). However, insulin and glucose peak responses to breakfast intake at 08:00 were distinctly increased by sleep restriction in comparison to regular sleep (398.5 ± 57.4 vs. 284.3 ± 51.5 pmol/L and 6.8 ± 0.3 vs. 6.1 ± 0.3 mmol/L, respectively; all P < 0.02), while glucagon responses were blunted by sleep loss (P = 0.03). There were no differences in circulating ACTH, cortisol, and IL-6 concentrations between the 2 conditions (all P > 0.25). CONCLUSIONS: Data indicate an impairment of glucose tolerance after 2 days of sleep restriction to ~4 h that appears to be primarily caused by a reduction in insulin sensitivity. Unchanged HPA secretory activity and IL-6 concentrations argue against a mediation of these effects by stress-related or inflammatory mechanisms.

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1968A manual for standardized terminology, techniques and scoring system for sleep stages in human subjects 1999Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function 2007The metabolic consequences of sleep deprivation 2005Sleep loss: a novel risk factor for insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes 2003A Prospective Study of Self-Reported Sleep Duration and Incident Diabetes in Women 2007Sleep Duration as a Risk Factor for Diabetes Incidence in a Large US Sample 2009Short-term sleep loss decreases physical activity under free-living conditions but does not increase food intake under time-deprived laboratory conditions in healthy men 2005High Incidence of Diabetes in Men With Sleep Complaints or Short Sleep Duration

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2013Sleep Disorders and the Development of Insulin Resistance and Obesity 2018Sleep extension is a feasible lifestyle intervention in free-living adults who are habitually short sleepers: a potential strategy for decreasing intake of free sugars? A randomized controlled pilot study 2013Acute Sleep Restriction Reduces Insulin Sensitivity in Adolescent Boys 2015Association between sleep deficiency and cardiometabolic disease: implications for health disparities

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