Evolution of the Housing Development Paradigms for the Urban Poor: The Post-war Southeast Asian Context

Abstract

Worldwide, providing su$cient housing has been a main concern of planning, and numerous endeavors have been made to meet the growing needs in this field.In Southeast Asia, a negative combination of the rapid population growth in metropolises and unsatisfactory housing supply due to inadequate policy responses has caused the proliferation of substandard settlements.With the aim of relieving the urban housing crisis, a variety of proactive approaches through di#erent channels have been proposed.However, past experiences in Southeast Asian countries substantiate that neither top-down ῌmass public-housing schemesῌ nor bottom-up ῌself-help housing practicesῌ approaches can stand alone.Based on these lessons from history, the housing development paradigms for the urban poor have undergone a major shift amid the advancement of neo-liberalism since the 1980s.Within this shift, a new strategy of enablement has been introduced, encouraging the utilization of markets and the institutionalization of civil society as an o$cial development partner.One phenomenon, increasingly apparent from the 1990s, is that under this enablement strategy within the new political economy, dynamic intersectoral collaborations among concerned actors are being pushed forward, which is expected to lead to the delivery of more democratic planning styles.It is important to note that, despite the decrease in direct government interventions, governments still persist as the major player in overall development, attending to the reconstruction of renewed interdependent relationships between the state and citizen.

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