Articlegold2015

Look together: analyzing gaze coordination with epistemic network analysis

Sean Andrist · Wesley Collier · Michael Lee Gleicher · Bilge Mutlu

63 citations0/0 files storedFrontiers in Psychology

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Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology Action Observation and Synchronization

Abstract

When conversing and collaborating in everyday situations, people naturally and interactively align their behaviors with each other across various communication channels, including speech, gesture, posture, and gaze. Having access to a partner's referential gaze behavior has been shown to be particularly important in achieving collaborative outcomes, but the process in which people's gaze behaviors unfold over the course of an interaction and become tightly coordinated is not well understood. In this paper, we present work to develop a deeper and more nuanced understanding of coordinated referential gaze in collaborating dyads. We recruited 13 dyads to participate in a collaborative sandwich-making task and used dual mobile eye tracking to synchronously record each participant's gaze behavior. We used a relatively new analysis technique-epistemic network analysis-to jointly model the gaze behaviors of both conversational participants. In this analysis, network nodes represent gaze targets for each participant, and edge strengths convey the likelihood of simultaneous gaze to the connected target nodes during a given time-slice. We divided collaborative task sequences into discrete phases to examine how the networks of shared gaze evolved over longer time windows. We conducted three separate analyses of the data to reveal (1) properties and patterns of how gaze coordination unfolds throughout an interaction sequence, (2) optimal time lags of gaze alignment within a dyad at different phases of the interaction, and (3) differences in gaze coordination patterns for interaction sequences that lead to breakdowns and repairs. In addition to contributing to the growing body of knowledge on the coordination of gaze behaviors in joint activities, this work has implications for the design of future technologies that engage in situated interactions with human users.

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References

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2017Looking Coordinated 2018Quantifying the qualitative with epistemic network analysis: A human factors case study of task-allocation communication in a primary care team 2021The Development Trajectory of Shared Epistemic Agency in Online Collaborative Learning: A Study Combing Network Analysis and Sequential Analysis 2023Possible future selves in STEM: an epistemic network analysis of identity exploration in minoritized students and alumni

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