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Formal and computational models of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory

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Personality Traits and Psychology Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Abstract

Jeffrey Gray (Gray 1970, 1981, 1987) developed a ‘bottom-up’ approach to personality which began with the identification of large-scale brain-behavioural systems in animals (based on lesion and psychopharmacological evidence). The systems which he emphasized were: a reward system (later termed the Behavioural Activation System or BAS); a punishment system; an arousal system; and a Fight-Flight System. His view of personality was that inter-individual differences in the functioning of each discrete system should give rise, in human beings, to a major dimension (or trait) of personality. The theory also talked particularly about the sensitivity (i.e., reactivity) of each system to its characteristic inputs (i.e., the inputs which activated that system rather than any of the others). Inter-individual differences in the sensitivities of the systems were taken to be the causal basis of human personality traits. As the names ‘reward system’ and ‘punishment system’ implied, the characteristic inputs of the systems were reinforcing stimuli. To capture these aspects of the theory, I suggested the name Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) for the personality theory which he developed. Basic tenets of the original RST In the original version of the theory (which I shall call ‘old RST’ in this chapter), the personality trait corresponding to variations in functioning of the BAS was suggested to be impulsivity. The punishment system (so-called because it was thought that this system responded to conditioned stimuli signalling impending punishment) was referred to as the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS): the personality trait corresponding to variations in functioning of the BIS was suggested to be anxiety.

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References

1994Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS Scales.1988The psychology of fear and stress 1970The psychophysiological basis of introversion-extraversion 2001The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ) as a measure of Gray's anxiety and impulsivity dimensions 1981A Model for Personality 2004Reinforcement sensitivity theory and personality 1977Manual of the Eysenck personality questionnaire (junior and adult)1999The personality theories of H.J. Eysenck and J.A. Gray: a comparative review

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