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Both Rwanda and Burundi have suffered from an extremely violent crisis, of which the consequences, both economic and social, still largely determine today’s society. Rwanda and Burundi are moreover confronted with the same structural problems of overpopulation and natural resource scarcity that strongly limit the potential of economic diversification away from rural survival activities. The disappointingly low growth rates in 2003 illustrate once more the vulnerability of both economies to climatic conditions. However, these countries are ‘false twins’ when considering their largely divergent socio-economic evolution over the last decade. Rwanda has known relative stability, allowing economic recovery, while Burundi continued to suffer under a prolonged crisis with a perverse impact on the socio-economic context. Also the reaction of the international community differed fundamentally. Rwanda was able to benefit from a pronounced financial engagement of the international donors, a genocide credit that allowed the country to live far beyond its internal means. Burundi on the other hand was largely excluded from international funds. But recently this tendency seems to be reversed, with the first releases of IMF emergency funds, the approval of Burundi’s interim poverty reduction paper (I-PRSP), and the release of the first poverty reduction and growth facilities (PRGF) as the first promising signs.
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