Intrinsic-Extrinsic Motivations, Knowledge Sharing and Innovation in French Firms

Abstract

Abstract: This paper examines the motivational foundations, based on intrinsic and/or extrinsic factors, of knowledge creation, sharing and transferring process within manufactur-ing firms in an innovation perspective. First, using French data set, we study the interrela-tionships between knowledge management and motivation management practices, and their impact on knowledge sharing (defined as conducting a shared pool of knowledge) as well on innovation. We find differences between firms ’ characteristics regarding size, technological sectors, group membership and innovation performance. Second, organizational diversity of the firms is showed. We identify three motivation management systems characterized respectively: (i) traditional firms i.e. traditional in their work organization; (ii) firms using motivation personel practices and (iii) learning firms using, added to motivation, knowledge management practices. Firms using motivation practices are linked to agency and incentives theories based on extrinsic factors. Learning firms use both interrelated intrinsic and ex-trinsic motivations as suggested by self-determination theory (SDT) and also by cognitive evaluation theory (CET) in which feelings of competence and autonomy are important for intrinsic motivation. Third, empirical evidence allows to conclude that motivation manage-

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