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[The effect of age in a planning and arranging task ('Mexican pyramid') among schoolchildren].

Esmeralda Matute · Yaira Chamorro · Olga Inozemtseva · Mónica Rosselli · Alfredo Ardila

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Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies Historical and Modern Theater Studies

Abstract

AIM: To analyze the influence of age on the performance of a planning and organization task, two skills included in the executive functions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Performance of the task 'Mexican pyramid' from the Evaluacion Neuropsicologica Infantil (ENI) were analyzed on 239 school age children from México and Colombia, distributed in six age groups. Five measures were analyzed: number of correct designs, number of movements per design and execution time in the correct designs, number of correct designs built with the minimum of movements and its execution time. RESULTS: There was a significant effect of age on the five measures. Comparison between groups showed that younger children (5 to 6 years old) had a smaller number of correct designs, while children from 5 to 8 years old need more movements. Execution time showed a greater number of differences between groups. Analyzing the 11 items of the task, it was evident that difficulty level is related with the number of movements and the novelty of rules. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that accuracy of performance, the number of moves as well as the speed of performance are useful markers of the development of the executive functions. Our results support the notion that the development of planning and organization; is fast in the first years of the school age, and it slows down on adolescence.

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References

2005Developmentally Sensitive Measures of Executive Function in Preschool Children 2003Dimensions of executive functioning: Evidence from children 2001Development of Executive Functions Through Late Childhood and Adolescence in an Australian Sample 1975The functional equivalence of problem solving skills 2004Executive Functions in Children Aged 6 to 13: A Dimensional and Developmental Study 2003Normative Data From the Cantab. I: Development of Executive Function Over the Lifespan 2003I. The Development of Executive Function 2001Differential Development of Attention and Executive Functions in 3- to 12-Year-Old Finnish Children

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2017Cognitive stimulation in children at social risk: its transference to school performance 2013Executive functions in late childhood: Age differences among groups.2018Nivel de desarrollo de las funciones ejecutivas en estudiantes adolescentes de los colegios públicos de Envigado-Colombia 2016Effects of age and school type on unconstrained, phonemic, and semantic verbal fluency in children 2013Development Patterns of Executive Functions in Children

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