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In Argentina, as broadcasting services consolidated in the twentieth century, the private sector gained an increasingly leading role, and the media generally adopted a commercial, competitive model, relying for economic support on the proceeds from advertising.Both radio and television media outlets tended to centralize the production of their content in Buenos Aires City.For years, open television demonstrated a strong dependence on US content.However, since the 1990s, an increased capacity to create national content has been evident, building on the precedents of the late 1960s.Even the area of prime time fiction on open television is now packed with national productions.Foreign content continues to be strong in cable television, with many channels featuring US movies and series.Since the return to the constitutional system in December 1983 following the collapse of the dictatorship (1976)(1977)(1978)(1979)(1980)(1981)(1982)(1983), the media system has undergone four different processes: first, eradication of direct censorship; second, concentration of media company ownership in a few large groups; third, technological convergence (audiovisual, information and telecommunications), and fourth, geographic centralization of content production (Becerra, 2010).These processes have combined to transform the media system, imprinting a single-minded adherence to profitability as the basis for programming and short-term success.The legal framework for this transformation was a broadcasting decree-law (No. 22,285) passed in 1980 during the dictatorship.The regulation underwent subsequent amendments under most of the constitutional administrations that followed and this contributed to its progressive deterioration.In the 1990s, with the promotion of neoliberal policies under Carlos Menem's two-term administration (1989-1995 and 1995-1999), the legal framework was revised to enable the establishment of multimedia groups.Since then, the concentration of media ownership has been an incessant process.Grupo Clarín is the most prominent communication group in the country, a onestop shop gathering the number-one nationwide newspaper (also a partner of several regional newspapers in the provinces), one of the main television channels in Buenos Aires and several channels in the interior, a radio station network, the leading cable television distribution system, and several cable television signals.The Group is also engaged in other areas linked with the cultural industries, including a newspaper paper mill (in which it is a partner of the State), movie production companies, news agencies, and an Internet service provider.The biggest challenge to the dominant position of Grupo Clarín is posed by the telephone companies (particularly, Telefónica de España) which dominate, in the form of a duopoly, the fixed telephony market of Argentina.They are also the main mobile telephony operators and broadband Internet providers.Though not compatible with
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