The Cognitive and Behavioral Characteristics of Children With Low Working Memory

Tracy Packiam Alloway · Susan Elizabeth Gathercole · Hannah Kirkwood · Julian Elliott

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Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Cognitive Abilities and Testing

Abstract

This study explored the cognitive and behavioral profiles of children with working memory impairments. In an initial screening of 3,189 five- to eleven-year-olds, 308 were identified as having very low working memory scores. Cognitive skills (IQ, vocabulary, reading, and math), classroom behavior, and self-esteem were assessed. The majority of the children struggled in the learning measures and verbal ability. They also obtained atypically high ratings of cognitive problems/inattentive symptoms and were judged to have short attention spans, high levels of distractibility, problems in monitoring the quality of their work, and difficulties in generating new solutions to problems. These data provide rich new information on the cognitive and behavioral profiles that characterize children with low working memory.

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References

1974Working Memory 2000The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory?2001The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity 2014Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence 1999Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence 2003Does High Self-Esteem Cause Better Performance, Interpersonal Success, Happiness, or Healthier Lifestyles?1999Working memory, short-term memory, and general fluid intelligence: A latent-variable approach.2002Models of visuospatial and verbal memory across the adult life span.

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2017A meta-analysis on the relation between reading and working memory.2011Working memory training improves reading processes in typically developing children 2009Working Memory, but Not IQ, Predicts Subsequent Learning in Children with Learning Difficulties 2008Evaluating the validity of the Automated Working Memory Assessment 2011Neuronal effects following working memory training

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