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A New Measure of Trade Openness

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References

1992A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth15,276 cited
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1986Market Structure and Foreign Trade3,035 cited
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1992Outward-Oriented Developing Economies Really Do Grow More Rapidly: Evidence from 95 LDCs, 1976-19852,153 cited
1999Rents, Competition, and Corruption1,763 cited
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1996Openness and growth: A time-series, cross-country analysis for developing countries1,163 cited
2005Is Trade Good or Bad for the Environment? Sorting Out the Causality1,004 cited
1993Openness and Inflation: Theory and Evidence970 cited

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2002

The Global Competitiveness Report 2001-2002

956 cited

Cited by

2016Trade openness and environmental quality: International evidence367 cited
2022Renewable energy, nonrenewable energy, and environmental quality nexus: An investigation of the N-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve based on six environmental indicators243 cited
2018A time-frequency analysis of trade openness and CO2 emissions in France170 cited
2014Trade openness, income levels, and economic growth: The case of developing countries, 1970–2009168 cited
2015Agriculture, trade openness and emissions: an empirical analysis and policy options152 cited
2021Does trade openness mitigate the environmental degradation in South Africa?146 cited
2023Exploring the moderating role of financial development in environmental Kuznets curve for South Africa: fresh evidence from the novel dynamic ARDL simulations approach136 cited
2020The asymmetric effect of trade openness on economic growth in South Africa: a nonlinear ARDL approach129 cited
2022Dynamic ARDL Simulations Effects of Fiscal Decentralization, Green Technological Innovation, Trade Openness, and Institutional Quality on Environmental Sustainability: Evidence from South Africa119 cited
2021Disaggregating the environmental effects of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption in South Africa: fresh evidence from the novel dynamic ARDL simulations approach114 cited
2022Investigating the moderating role of economic policy uncertainty in environmental Kuznets curve for South Africa: Evidence from the novel dynamic ARDL simulations approach105 cited
2012Trade and Economic Growth: A Re-Examination of the Empirical Evidence102 cited
2020Understanding economic openness: a review of existing measures99 cited
2019Revisiting trade and environment nexus in South Africa: fresh evidence from new measure99 cited
2020IMPACT OF TRADE OPENNESS ON ENVIRONMENT IN CHINA98 cited
2015Foreign Direct Investment, Trade Openness and Economic Growth in Ghana: An Empirical Investigation97 cited