Afet Sonrası Yeniden Yapılanma Sürecinde Yer Değiştirme ve Yere Bağlılığın Değerlendirilmesi : Düzce Örneği

Abstract

Disasters are sudden events that create psychological and physical damages, deaths and injuries by causing serious effects to the community daily life. The role of pre and post-disaster planning and designing are very crucial in reducing the effects of the disasters. Such studies use the experiences and lessons learnt from the disastrous regions by exploring and analyzing their actual situations. The results of these cases can be used to decrease the probable disaster risks and losses. The process of transition to a safe place in post disaster situations can be totally or partially relocation of the population to the other safe site that it creates serious adaptation problems for the victims in the new environment. The adaptation level of the victims in the new environment needs to be determined in order to examine the effects of the disaster and also to increase the adaptation levels of the victims. Thus, the new environment must be evaluated and then correlated with the old environment from the point view of the individual. This study is intended to evaluate post disaster reconstruction and it explores how the space formed from a psycho-social perspective. Therefore, the new formation of space during the community reconstruction is explored by measuring the user expectations and it is defined by the psycho-social background of the victims. Furthermore, the socio-spatial dynamics of the post disaster reconstruction is evaluated in Turkey- Duzce as case study. Quantitative data was collected from a questionnaire, and the questionnaire was conducted in order to determine the level of psychological and social attachment of in order to determine the level of psychological and social attachment of the victims to their existing and old environments. The case is designed based on a descriptive, correlative and relational study. The Therefore, the effect of post disaster relocation on the community and place attachment levels of the victims are determined in order to understand the complex relations between the physical and psycho-social parameters. The questionnaire also covers questions related to the determination of the most important places of the new and old city represented in victims mind. The questionnaire is conducted by 100 disaster victims that 50 of which are non-relocated victims selected from the city center and other 50 of which are relocated victims. The sample groups are selected randomly as well. The evaluation of correlations shows the victims? high level of attachment to their old environments. The non-relocated victims still protect their high level of attachment whereas the relocated victims can not reconstruct a high level of attachment as they had in the old environment though they live seven year in the new environment. This situation creates adaptation problems to the new environment so that the tendency for relocation from the new permanent housing sites is determined very high. In this case study such reciprocal interaction perspectives can be used to boost social reconstruction activities and to solve problems in intersection points between the physical and psycho-social factors. The results clearly show the meaningful relations between the psycho-social attachment level of the victims with house ownership and lifetime. On the other hand the relation between relocation and place attachment shows the unformed attachment due seven years lifetime in the new environment. So there is a negative relation between the relocation and place attachment. This situation clearly proves the hypothesis that defends the level of place attachment of nonrelocated group is higher than the relocated group. The tendency for relocation from the new designed environment is also founded in a high level. The whole relocation approach of a disaster affected area or region creates either social or economic problems. The options of non-relocation or partial relocation to a closer side of the old environment could be taken into consideration as better solutions for the problem. This study also offers a planning, design and evaluation approaches for planners, constructors and designers for psycho-social and physical parameters in the post disaster reconstruction phase. Keywords: Disaster, reconstruction, relocation, place attachment.

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