Exploring New Approaches to Lithic Analysis: Laser Scanning and Geometric Morphometrics

Michael Shott · Brian W. Trail

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Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology 3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction

Abstract

However they measure stone took, archaeologists typically use orthogonal—mutually perpendicular—dimensions like length and width. Although useful, orthogonal dimensions do not capture the geometric configuration of specimens. We describe an alternative approach to lithic analysis that involves three- dimensional laser scanning and geometric morphometries. This approach preserves much geometric information and generally is more faithful to whole-object form. Using landmarks—points at equivalent positions on different specimens—it also exploits powerful analytical techniques not traditionally used in lithic analysis. We illustrate the approach and its analytical potential in the study of a small collection of Paleoindian fluted points.

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References

2005The origins of lithic projectile point technology: evidence from Africa, the Levant, and Europe 1998Getting to the point: Evolutionary change in prehistoric weaponry 1999Geographic Variation in Fluted Projectile Points: A Hemispheric Perspective 2004Cladistics and archaeology 2005A crossbeam co-ordinate caliper for the morphometric analysis of lithic nuclei: a description, test and empirical examples of application 2009Variability in bifacial technology at Elandsfontein, Western cape, South Africa: a geometric morphometric approach 2007Investigating the peopling of North America through cladistic analyses of Early Paleoindian projectile points 1990Regional Comparison of the Shapes of Later Acheulean Handaxes

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2012Discriminating Paleoindian point types from Florida using landmark geometric morphometrics 2012Ethnoarchaeology and the Organization of Lithic Technology 2012A 3D morphometric analysis of surface geometry in Levallois cores: patterns of stability and variability across regions and their implications 2012Evaluating morphological variability in lithic assemblages using 3D models of stone artifacts

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