Review2016

Learning Beyond the School Walls: Trends and Implications

Hyunjoon Park · Claudia Buchmann · Jaesung Choi · Joseph J. Merry

228 citations0/0 files storedAnnual Review of Sociology

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Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities Parental Involvement in Education Diverse Education Studies and Reforms

Abstract

Academically-focused learning activities beyond formal schooling are expanding in myriad forms throughout the world. This diverse realm of learning activities includes private supplementary education purchased by families such as private tutoring, online courses, cram schools, and learning center franchises. Some public schools also provide academically oriented after-school programs beyond their formal curricula. This review identifies factors relating to students, families, schools, and educational systems that affect participation in supplementary education. Macro forces are also related to the proliferation of learning activities outside of formal schooling. We discuss implications of this trend for educational stratification as well as challenges it creates for families and formal educational systems. Finally, we suggest promising new avenues for data collection and empirical research.

Citations in this library

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References

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Cited by

2020PISA 2018 Results (Volume V)2019The Global Increase in the Socioeconomic Achievement Gap, 1964 to 2015 2018Income Inequality and Class Divides in Parental Investments 2020Comparative research on shadow education: Achievements, challenges, and the agenda ahead 2017Schooling and Its Supplements: Changing Global Patterns and Implications for Comparative Education 2018Global Patterns of the Use of Shadow Education: Student, Family, and National Influences

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