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COTTON MATHER (1662/3–1727/8). The eldest son of New England’s leading divine, Increase Mather and grand-son of the colony’s spiritual founders Richard Mather and John Cotton, Mather was born in Boston, educated at Har-vard (B. A. 1678; M. A. 1681), and received an honorary Doctor of Divinity degree from Glasgow University (1710). As pastor of Boston’s Second Church (Congregational), he came into the political limelight during America’s version of the Glorious Revolution, when Bostonians deposed their royal governor, Sir Edmund Andros (April 1689). During the witchcraft debacle (1692–93), Mather both warns the Sa-lem judges against admitting “spectral evidence ” as grounds for indictment and advocates prayer and fasting to cure the afflicted, but he also writes New England’s official defense of the court’s procedures on which his modern reputation
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