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Faunal and floral material from seven excavated sites on Uahuka and Nuku hiva Islands was quantitatively analyzed, in order to provide an outline of adaptations in the Marquesan economic system from ca. 300 to 1800 a.d. A primary shift occurred during the Developmental Period from marine-oriented hunting and gathering techniques to terrestrially-oriented agricultural and animal husbandry practices. This shift may have been caused by a combination of demographic factors and by the over-exploitation of marine resources. A number of rapid and drastic changes in the Marquesan ecology as a result of human activity are also indicated. In 1964 and 1965, Dr. Yosihiko Sinoto and Marimari Kellum, of the B. P. Bishop Museum, excavated several archaeological sites on the southern coast of Uahuka and re-excavated at Ha'atuatua, Nuku Hiva, Marquesas Islands. This report concerns the analysis of faunal and floral material from seven of these sites (20·67 kilograms of midden). Previous stratigraphic excavation in the Marquesas had been carried out by Suggs (1961) on Nuku Hiva (including the Ha'atuatua site), and by a Kon-Tiki Museum expedition on Hivaoa (Sinoto, personal communication, 1970); results of the Hivaoa excavations have not been published. Suggs, although including economic considerations in his prehistoric sequence, did not undertake a detailed analysis of his faunal material, limiting himself to a checklist of mammals. Ottino (1972) analyzed midden material from Hanapete'o shelter on northern Hivaoa. Such is the present status of midden analysis for Marquesan archaeological sites.
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