Article2006

Do Bullied Children Become Anxious and Depressed Adults?

Gemma L. Gladstone · Gordon Barraclough Parker · Gin Singh Malhi

269 citations0/0 files storedThe Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease

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Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Child Abuse and Trauma

Abstract

There is little empirical research examining the historical and clinical correlates of exposure to childhood bullying in adult clinical subjects. Using structured clinical assessments, the authors studied a group of adult males and females presenting to an outpatient depression clinic, to examine the childhood risk factors and the distinguishing comorbid features associated with those reporting exposure to bullying. Just over a quarter of both men and women reported having experienced bullying that was severe and traumatic. More of these subjects also reported several other well studied childhood risk factors. Childhood correlates that were particularly relevant for exposure to bullying were parental overcontrol, illness or disability, and the tendency to have an inhibited temperament early in life. The experience of childhood bullying was strongly related to high levels of comorbid anxiety, both in terms of greater levels of state anxiety and a higher prevalence of both social phobia and agoraphobia. Independent of other childhood risk factors, exposure to bullying was especially predictive of subjects' higher levels of general state anxiety and the tendency to express anxious arousal externally when under stress. These results are compatible with both cross-sectional and prospective studies of child and adolescent samples, and highlight the potential etiological significance of early peer victimization experiences for a percentage of adults suffering from depression with comorbid anxiety.

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References

1961An Inventory for Measuring Depression 2003Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)1967Development of a Rating Scale for Primary Depressive Illness 1994Bullying at school: what we know and what we can do 2000Twenty Years' Research on Peer Victimization and Psychosocial Maladjustment: A Meta‐analytic Review of Cross‐sectional Studies 1978Aggression in the schools : bullies and whipping boys 2000Bullying at school—an indicator of adolescents at risk for mental disorders 2001Does bullying cause emotional problems? A prospective study of young teenagers

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2012The Impact of Schoolwide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports on Bullying and Peer Rejection 2008Examining Ethnic, Gender, and Developmental Differences in the Way Children Report Being a Victim of “Bullying” on Self-Report Measures 2009Psychiatric Symptomatology as a Predictor of Cyberbullying among University Students 2015How teachers respond to school bullying: An examination of self-reported intervention strategy use, moderator effects, and concurrent use of multiple strategies

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