Effect of Effort on Value: An Exploratory Study of Children1

Abstract

Firstand sixth-grade boys were subjected to either a high or low effort procedure in order to obtain 20 chips. Effort was varied by altering the number of turns of a crank handle necessary to obtain a single chip. Preference and reinforcement value were assessed by (a) the number of an alternative color of chips they would be willing to trade for 5 of the training chips, and (b) their binary choice performance. Results indicated that effort was effective for the younger children in increasing the reinforcement value of the chips as measured by the binary choice. No differences in the preference measure were found for either age group. Four theoretical positions which were relevant to the results are discussed.

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