Clarifying the Measurement of Death Attitudes: A Factor Analytic Evaluation of Fifteen Self-Report Death Scales

Joseph A. Durlak · Richard A. Kass

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Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion

Abstract

A factor analysis of a representative population of fifteen death scales completed by 350 college students uncovered five orthogonal death-attitude factors. These factors were named Negative Evaluation of Death, Reluctance to Interact with the Dying, Negative Reaction to Pain, Reaction to Reminders of Death, and Preoccupation with Thoughts of Dying. These results support thanatological theory that death attitudes are multidimensional, that is, multiple death attitudes do co-exist and co-vary within individuals. The major implication of these findings concerns the need to differentiate and measure these separate death attitudes effectively.

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References

1960A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology.1969Modern Factor Analysis 1970The Construction and Validation of a Death Anxiety Scale 1964An experimental study in existentialism: The psychometric approach to Frankl's concept ofnoogenic neurosis 1977A Comprehensive Trial Of The Scree And Kg Criteria For Determining The Number Of Factors 1969The Fear of Death and the Fear of Dying 1977Psychological Perspectives on Death 1973Who's afraid of death?

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1988Elements of death anxiety and meanings of death 2004THE ARABIC SCALE OF DEATH ANXIETY (ASDA): ITS DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION, AND RESULTS IN THREE ARAB COUNTRIES 1991RELATIONSHIPS AMONG BURNOUT, DEATH ANXIETY, AND SOCIAL SUPPORT IN HOSPICE AND CRITICAL CARE NURSES 2019A systematic review of the psychometric properties of death anxiety self-report measures 2004DEATH ANXIETY AS A PREDICTOR OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS LEVELS AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH SPINAL CORD INJURIES

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