Article2001

Evolution of two human skeletal markers of the squatting position: A diachronic study from antiquity to the modern age

43 citations0/0 files storedAmerican Journal of Physical Anthropology

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Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders Paleopathology and ancient diseases

Abstract

Some human skeletal features that were produced through the actions of their bearers during life allow the reconstruction of postures. These can be typical of population groups. For example, tibial retroversion and lateral squatting facets are two skeletal markers closely related to the habit of squatting. The facets and the retroversion are induced by pressure and traction as a consequence of the hyperdorsiflexion of the knees and ankles. The examination of 543 tibiae and tali from French and American archaeological series, and dating between the 1st-20th century AD, reveals changes in squatting posture over time. This study shows that tibial retroversion tends to be a "precocity indicator" of the adoption of this posture, while the lateral squatting facet shows the intensity or regularity of the use of this posture. The results indicate that squatting was a regular behavior used until the end of the Middle Ages, and after this period a progressive decrease occurs. This tendency may be explained by different lifestyles in different time periods.

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References

1990Reconstruction of life from the skeleton 1980Histoire de la France urbaine 1977Histoire de la France rurale 1992Activités physiques et squelette humain : le difficile passage de l'actuel au fossile 1980Le village et la maison au Moyen Age 1979Skeletal evidence for kneeling in prehistoric Ecuador 1959Squatting facets on the talus and tibia in Indians.

Cited by

2017Trabecular and cortical bone structure of the talus and distal tibia in Pan and Homo 2020Pious Pain: Repetitive Motion Disorders from Excessive Genuflection at a Byzantine Jerusalem Monastery 2005An investigation of the frequency of squatting facets in Later Stone Age foragers from South Africa 2005Characteristic Acquired Features of Indigenous Australians That May Be Observed in Forensic Practice 2013Mise au point sur les caractères discrets du membre inférieur : définition, épidémiologie, étiologies 2015Fighting to the Death: Weapon Injuries in a Mass Grave (16th–17th Century) from Bucharest, Romania

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