AN ANALYSIS OF TIMEOUT AND RESPONSE COST IN A PROGRAMMED ENVIRONMENT1

John D. Burchard

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Abstract

A group of mildly retarded adolescents with high rates of antisocial behavior was exposed to two parameters of timeout and response cost within the context of a programmed environment. For five of the six subjects, the two higher values (30 tokens response cost or 30 min timeout) were significantly more suppressive than the lower values (five tokens or 5 min). For the one remaining subject, there was a strong relationship in the opposite direction. Also, the timeout and response cost of higher value became increasingly more suppressive over time, whereas those of lower value did not. There were few appreciable differences between the timeout and response cost of similar magnitude. A discussion of these results is presented in support of the notion that the functional aversiveness of timeouts (and response costs) appears to be critically dependent upon interactions with the environmental conditions in which they are implemented and the reinforcement histories of the subjects.

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References

1966Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.1966Case Studies in Behavior Modification.1963Application of operant conditioning procedures to the behaviour problems of an autistic child 1967Establishing functional speech in echolalic children 1962SOME EFFECTS OF RESPONSE COST UPON HUMAN OPERANT BEHAVIOR 1965Is time-out from positive reinforcement an aversive event? A review of the experimental evidence.1965Studies in desensitization—I: The separate effects of relaxation and desensitization 1972TIMEOUT DURATION AND THE SUPPRESSION OF DEVIANT BEHAVIOR IN CHILDREN1

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2004Contemporary Review of Group-Oriented Contingencies for Disruptive Behavior 2018Token reinforcement: Translational research and application 1973Response-contingent time out: Important parameters in behavior modification with children 1983A Review of Timeout: A Conceptual and Methodological Analysis 1978Effects of various durations of timeout on the noncompliant behavior of children

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