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In their daily operations—the relentless quest for the new story or the strategic edge in issue oriented campaigning—modern media and politics subject citizens to an unending barrage of symbols, images, information, and arguments. The bewildering maze of claims, counterclaims, and imagery propagated by thousands of institutions becomes impassable, and Americans are left to fend for themselves enlightened, confused, outraged, inspired, or frustrated. This is the world depicted in Image Makers. Robert Jackall and Janice M. Hirota offer an eyeopening, unsettling portrait of the intersecting worlds of commercial advertising, public relations, and advocacy that shows these institutions in their daily operations. They continually link commercial advertising and public relations, two separate but related entities, showing structural continuities between the for and nonprofit realms of advocacy. Jackall and Hirota trace the orig ins of the contemporary advocacy industries in the history of three familiar influential entities. The World War I Committee on Public Information allied the American government with techniques of commercial persuasion for state propaganda. The stillactive Advertising Council (born during World War II) cemented the relationship of advertising and persuasion with nonpartisan “public service” concerns; even so, the interests of corporate enterprise dominated the framing of issues. The 1960s “creative revolution” in advertising saw the rise of “symbolic inversion” in ad making, where unconventional, humorous, and selfdeprecating imagery created powerful identities for formerly undistinguished products. The majority of the book charts the contemporary world of advertising and public relations through painstaking interviews with hundreds of the workers who create, implement, and monitor the millions of images and ideas that circulate throughout media and constitute one important version of the public sphere.
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