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The Observant Franciscans were a breakaway family of Franciscans who separated from the parent Conventual order in the hope of showing a more convincing model of religious life. Several problems connected with the setting up of a Scottish province have been overlooked by historians of the religious orders in Scotland. One is the nature of the personnel in its earliest days in the mid-fifteenth century, whether learned or unlearned and whether mainly Scots or largely from the Low Countries. Another is the authority to be ascribed to Friar John Hay's chronicle of the Scots Observant province, a large subject which, however, invites preliminary investigation.' A third is the status in the province of Friar William of Touris, author of The Contemplacioun ofSynnaris.2 A fourth is the extent of Dutch and Flemish influence on church furnishings and architecture brought about by the presence of artists and craftsmen among their laybrothers, and the encouragement of the development of a national consciousness that the presence of foreign friars might have stimulated. Lastly, our native records never quite make clear when a province in the fullest sense could be said to exist and as such to be governed by provincial ministers.
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