Diagnostic alterations for post-traumatic stress disorder: examining data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication and National Survey of Adolescents

Jon D. Elhai · Julián D. Ford · Kenneth J. Ruggiero · Bartley Christopher Frueh

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research Sleep and related disorders Child Abuse and Trauma

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Two alternative models of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) appear to represent the disorder's latent structure better than the traditional Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) three-factor PTSD model. The present study examines the impact of using these structural models for the diagnosis of lifetime PTSD while retaining the DSM-IV PTSD's six-symptom diagnostic requirement. METHOD: Data were gathered from large-scale, epidemiological datasets collected with adults (National Comorbidity Survey Replication) and adolescents (National Survey of Adolescents). Two alternative, empirically supported four-factor models of PTSD were compared with the DSM-IV three-factor PTSD diagnostic model. RESULTS: Results indicated that the diagnostic alterations resulted in substantially improved structural validity, downward adjustments of PTSD's lifetime prevalence (roughly 1 percentage point decreases in adults, 1-2.5 percentage point decreases in adolescents), and equivalent psychiatric co-morbidity and sociodemographic associations. CONCLUSIONS: Implications for modifying PTSD diagnostic criteria in future editions of DSM are discussed.

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