Embedded Effort Indicators on the California Verbal Learning Test – Second Edition (CVLT–II): An Attempted Cross-Validation

Jacobus Donders · Carrie-Ann H. Strong

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Psychological Testing and Assessment Traumatic Brain Injury Research Historical and Modern Theater Studies

Abstract

This study determined whether the logistic regression method that was recently developed by Wolfe and colleagues (2010) for the detection of invalid effort on the California Verbal Learning Test - Second Edition (CVLT-II) could be cross-validated in an independent sample of 100 consecutively referred patients with traumatic brain injury. Although the CVLT-II logistic regression formula demonstrated a statistically significant level of agreement with results from the Word Memory Test, it was associated with an unacceptably high proportion of false positives. The component variables of the logistic regression were sensitive to length of coma but did not covary with psychosocial complicating factors (e.g., unresolved prior psychiatric history) that were associated with a higher relative risk of failure of WMT validity criteria. It is concluded that the Wolfe et al. logistic regression should be used only with great caution in the context of clinical neuropsychological evaluations.

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References

2002Base Rates of Malingering and Symptom Exeggeration 1999Diagnostic Criteria for Malingered Neurocognitive Dysfunction: Proposed Standards for Clinical Practice and Research 2009American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology Consensus Conference Statement on the Neuropsychological Assessment of Effort, Response Bias, and Malingering 2005Symptom validity assessment: Practice issues and medical necessityNAN Policy & Planning Committee 2000California verbal learning test-second edition 1994Validation of malingered amnesia measures with a large clinical sample.1994Validation of malingered amnesia measures with a large clinical sample.2003Detection of Malingering Using Atypical Performance Patterns on Standard Neuropsychological Tests

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2019A multi-study examination of performance validity in undergraduate research participants 2017Embedded performance validity testing in neuropsychological assessment: Potential clinical tools 2019Stronger Together: The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Fourth Edition as a Multivariate Performance Validity Test in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury 2021They are not destined to fail: a systematic examination of scores on embedded performance validity indicators in patients with intellectual disability

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