Achieving Sustainable Accessibility: An Evaluation of Policy Measures in the Amsterdam Area

Frank le Clercq · Luca Bertolini

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Urban Transport and Accessibility Transportation Planning and Optimization transportation and logistics systems

Abstract

Definitions of sustainable transport systems are presented from the viewpoints of transport planners, transport economists, and urban and regional planners. The evaluation of sustainable accessibility policies is discussed. Three types of spatial policies are described. Fast transport and a spreading of activities and population may provide the same accessibility as slower transport and the concentration of activities and population. The best theoretical combination is fast transport systems providing access to high concentrations of activities. To achieve sustainable accessibility, these spatial policies should be linked to environmentally friendly transport modes. This may be achieved by the promotion of mixed use developments, the concentration of activities near public transport nodes, and the stimulation of a modal shift from the car to public transport. In Amsterdam the policies followed have been compact city policy, expansion of the public transport system, and high accessibility of companies. The compact city policy, while it has increased the number of people living in the city centre, has also resuted in increased commuting, both by suburban and urban residents. A multi-centre region is developing but this is well served by public transport. The overall share of public transport has more or less stabilized and this is attributed to the concentration of activities rather than promotion of public transport. Marked restriction of parking supply has encouraged use of public transport to sites with good public transport access. However companies often endeavour to relocate to areas where the parking restrictions are less severe. It is suggested that success is dependent not on the policies but on the way they are implemented.

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1997Urban compaction: feasible and acceptable?1982The law of constant travel time and trip-rates 1997The Past and Future of Global Mobility 1999Planning the compact city: The randstad Holland experience

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