Behavioral Responses to Road Pricing: Empirical Results from a Survey of Dutch Car Owners

Abstract

For the evaluation and design of transport pricing strategies, it is important to have insight into the behavioral responses induced by transport pricing. Relevant dimensions of behavior include trip suppression, mode choice, and departure time choice. The results from a questionnaire among Dutch car owners are presented. The behavioral responses to two Dutch policy-relevant road pricing measures were analyzed. Depending on the type of measure, reductions of 6% to 15% were found in the number of car trips, which is in line with previous findings. A flat kilometer charge affects social trips considerably more than commuting trips. Respondents do appear to adjust commuting trips when a peak hour charge is implemented. Nonmotorized travel and trip suppression are the most popular alternatives for noncommuting trips. Departure time changes become attractive for all purposes when the proposed measure varies over time. Important explanatory variables for these effectiveness levels include the type of measure, income, and the possibility for commuters to work at home.

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