Perceived Discrimination and Its Association With Psychological Distress Among Newly Arrived Immigrants Before and After September 11, 2001

Cécile Rousseau · Ghayda Hassan · Nicolas Moreau · Brett D. Thombs

135 citations0/0 files storedAmerican Journal of Public Health

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Migration, Health and Trauma Migration, Refugees, and Integration Racial and Ethnic Identity Research

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: We compared the evolution of perception of discrimination from 1998 to 2007 among recent Arab (Muslim and non-Muslim) and Haitian immigrants to Montreal; we also studied the association between perception of discrimination and psychological distress in 1998 and 2007. METHODS: We conducted this cross-sectional comparative research with 2 samples: one recruited in 1998 (n = 784) and the other in 2007 (n = 432). The samples were randomly extracted from the registry of the Ministry of Immigration and Cultural Communities of Quebec. Psychological distress was measured with the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25. RESULTS: The perception of discrimination increased from 1998 to 2007 among the Arab Muslim, Arab non-Muslim, and Haitian groups. Muslim Arabs experienced a significant increase in psychological distress associated with discrimination from 1998 to 2007. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm an increase in perception of discrimination and psychological distress among Arab Muslim recent immigrant communities after September 11, 2001, and highlight the importance this context may have for other immigrant groups.

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1970Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research 2003Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Health: Findings From Community Studies 2003Perceived Discrimination and Depression: Moderating Effects of Coping, Acculturation, and Ethnic Support 1999Perceived Racial Discrimination, Depression, and Coping: A Study of Southeast Asian Refugees in Canada 1987Indochinese versions of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25: a screening instrument for the psychiatric care of refugees 2008Casting Out 2003Prejudice as Stress: Conceptual and Measurement Problems 1980External validating criteria for psychiatric diagnosis: their application in affective disorders.

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