Studies on the composition of ancient Indian punch‐marked silver coins

V. Vijayan · Tapash R. Rautray · P.K. Nayak · Deepak Kumar Basa

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Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis Ion-surface interactions and analysis Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts

Abstract

Abstract Punch‐marked coins are the oldest known numismatic objects used in ancient India. Seven punch‐marked silver coins were analysed by using the non‐destructive multi‐elemental PIXE technique. A 3 MeV proton beam from a pelletron accelerator was used for irradiation of these samples to obtain the spectral data and GUPIX software was employed to derive the elemental concentrations. The results reveals that silver, copper, gold and lead are significant constituents of the punch‐marked silver coins and there are also traces of elements such as Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, As and Y, which seems to imply that PIXE can be used effectively for the non‐destructive quantitative analysis of ancient coins. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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References

1990Living Without Silver: The Monetary History of Early Medieval North India 2000Trace element analysis of Alexander the Great’s silver tetradrachms minted in Macedonia 1999PIXE analysis of ancient Indian coins 2000Characterization of Dyrrhachium silver coins by micro-PIXE method 2000Combined PIXE and XPS analysis on republican and imperial Roman coins

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