Ambivalent sexism and perceptions of men and women who violate gendered family roles

Ruth A. Gaunt

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Gender Roles and Identity Studies Gender and Feminist Studies Social and Intergroup Psychology

Abstract

This study draws on ambivalent sexism theory to explore the role of benevolent and hostile gender attitudes in determining perceptions of individuals who comply with traditional gender roles or violate them. Three hundred and eleven participants were presented with a description of a male or a female target who was either a primary breadwinner or a primary caregiver. As hypothesized, hostile sexism (HS) predicted more negative perceptions of a female breadwinner, whereas benevolent sexism (BS) predicted more positive perceptions of a female caregiver. Moreover, participants who endorsed hostile attitudes toward men reacted more positively to a nontraditional male caregiver, whereas those who endorsed benevolent attitudes toward men reacted more negatively to a male caregiver. Implications regarding the nature of ambivalent gender attitudes are discussed.

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2002A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition.1996The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism.2006Universal dimensions of social cognition: warmth and competence 1967Attribution theory in social psychology 1965From Acts To Dispositions The Attribution Process In Person Perception 2008Warmth and Competence as Universal Dimensions of Social Perception: The Stereotype Content Model and the BIAS Map 1963Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1961 2000Beyond prejudice as simple antipathy: Hostile and benevolent sexism across cultures.

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