The Construction and Reconstruction of Ritual Space at Tiwanaku, Bolivia (A.D. 500–1000)

Alexei Vranich

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Historical and Architectural Studies Archaeological and Geological Studies Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Abstract

Investigations carried out in 1996 and 2000 –2002 at the Pumapunku Temple Complex at Tiwanaku, Bolivia (A.D. 500–950) combined historical research, data recovered from previously unpublished excavations, strategically-placed small-scale trenches, and three dimensional architectural and stratigraphic recordings. The construction, use, and subsequent modifications, substantial and ephemeral to the Temple Complex span 500 years. This period the apogee of the Tiwanaku phenomenon provides a theoretical case study of the role monumentality can play in the development of an archaic state. The Pumapunku Temple Complex facilitated movement of large throngs of pilgrims it served both as a ritual gateway to the city and as a theater for projecting a redundant and widely comprehensible message to arriving visitors through the use of facades and intentional alignments of sacred features.

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References

1996The Tiwanaku: Portrait of an Andean Civilization 1991Huari administrative structure : prehistoric monumental architecture and state government 1967Royal Commentaries of the Incas and General History of Peru 1994Cahuachi in the Ancient Nasca World 1990Inca Religion and Customs 1993Tiwanaku Temples and State Expansion: A Tiwanaku Sunken-Court Temple in Moquegua, Peru 2002Out of Many, One: Style and Social Boundaries in Tiwanaku 1986Andean archaeology : papers in memory of Clifford Evans

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2014Political mosaics and networks: Tiwanaku expansion into the upper Desaguadero Valley, Bolivia 2018PLAZAS AND PROCESSIONAL PATHS IN TIWANAKU TEMPLES: DIVERGENCE, CONVERGENCE, AND ENCOUNTER AT OMO M10, MOQUEGUA, PERU 2014Spatial Configuration in Tiwanaku Art: A Review of Stone Carved Imagery and Staff Gods

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