Ramona Redeemed?: The Rise of Tribal Political Power in California

Abstract

In the 1884 novel Ramona by Helen Hunt Jackson and the annual California state play by the same name, Ramona is a Californio woman of Native Californian, perhaps Luiseno, ancestry living during the early post-Mexican period. She learns of her Indian ancestry and marries a native, settling with him on his peoples' ancestral lands in Temecula, California. Soon American settlers forcibly occupy the entire territory, chasing Ramona and her family into the hills, and eventually killing Ramona's husband. Ramona moves south to Mexico, leaving the country to the newly arrived U.S. settlers who make California their home.

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