Articlebronze2006

Effect of age and education on the Trail Making Test and determination of normative data for Japanese elderly people: The Tajiri Project

Ryusaku Hashimoto · Kenichi Meguro · Eunjoo Lee · Mari Kasai · Satoshi Yamaguchi

119 citations0/0 files storedPsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences

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Historical and Modern Theater Studies Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research Cognitive Functions and Memory

Abstract

The Trail Making Test (TMT) is a common two-part neuropsychological test, in which visuospatial ability (TMT-A) and executive function (TMT-B) are evaluated. Normative data for this test have not been reported for Japanese subjects; therefore, the purpose of the present paper was to investigate the effect of age and education on the TMT in 155 healthy elderly adults with clinical dementia rating 0 (healthy). The participants were classified into three groups based on age (70-74 years, 75-84 years and >or=85 years), and also into three groups based on educational level (6 years, 8 years and >or=10 years). The time to complete TMT-A and TMT-B were measured, and the difference in score between TMT-A and TMT-B (B-A) and the ratio of the score (B/A) were calculated as indices of executive function. The time for completion of both parts of the TMT increased markedly in the >or=85-years group. For TMT-A, there was a significant difference between the 6-years and 8-years groups, and between the 6-years and >or=10-years groups, and for TMT-B, there was a significant difference between the 6-years and >or=10-years groups, and between the 8-years and >or=10-years groups. The difference and ratio scores increased in the >or=85-years group, but the educational level did not significantly influence these scores. Our data suggest that cognitive functions evaluated by TMT-A and TMT-B are not affected by aging until the subjects are >or=85 years old. For TMT-A, an educational effect becomes apparent when the population includes poorly educated subjects, but this part of the test is not affected by educational level provided that the subjects have some education (>6 years). The time to complete TMT-B is affected by educational level, consistent with previous reports. However, when adjusted using the results for TMT-A [(B-A) or (B/A)], the educational effect on executive function disappeared. Thus, the effect of educational level on executive function was unclear in normal elderly subjects.

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References

1958VALIDITY OF THE TRAIL MAKING TEST AS AN INDICATOR OF ORGANIC BRAIN DAMAGE 1993A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests: Administration, Norms, and Commentary 2003Trail Making Test A and B: Normative data stratified by age and education 1996Trail making test: normative values from 287 normal adult controls 1996Neuropsychological tests' norms above age 55: COWAT, BNT, MAE token, WRAT-R reading, AMNART, STROOP, TMT, and JLO 1998The differential contribution of mental tracking, cognitive flexibility, visual search, and motor speed to performance on parts A and B of the trail making test 2001The trail making test: A study in focal lesion patients.1970Effects of Age and Intelligence on Trail Making Test Performance and Validity

Cited by

2015Trail Making Test: Normative data for the Latin American Spanish speaking adult population 2009Effects of age and education level on the Trail Making Test in a healthy Brazilian sample.

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